RESPONSIBLE TOURISM IN EVEREST BASE CAMP
Nepal is a country of exceptional beauty, with the Himalayan mountain range forming its backbone and home to eight of the 10 highest mountains in the world. Unsurprisingly, thousands of visitors come each year, looking to explore its unique landscapes and perhaps trek up to the rocky, high terrain in the shadow of Everest. But as with any popular destination, the same question always arises: at what price?
The ever-increasing number of tourists visiting the Sagarmatha National Park, home to Everest Base Camp, has definitely boosted the local economy and standard of living, with better health, education and infrastructure facilities now available to local people, but it’s also caused issues that are troubling to any responsible traveller.
This leads to a contradiction; in visiting Nepal we are supporting the local economy but also contributing to regional problems. The more people that plod up the trail to Everest Base Camp, the more litter that is dropped or poorly disposed of. In addition, our need for a hot meal and the human waste we inevitably produce can pressurise often fragile local infrastructure. We may enjoy the teahouses lining the route, and read the area as well set up for tourism, without questioning where our human waste is being dumped, whether the wood our meal was cooked on is contributing to deforestation, or how our litter is discarded.
The ever-increasing number of tourists visiting the Sagarmatha National Park, home to Everest Base Camp, has definitely boosted the local economy and standard of living, with better health, education and infrastructure facilities now available to local people, but it’s also caused issues that are troubling to any responsible traveller.
This leads to a contradiction; in visiting Nepal we are supporting the local economy but also contributing to regional problems. The more people that plod up the trail to Everest Base Camp, the more litter that is dropped or poorly disposed of. In addition, our need for a hot meal and the human waste we inevitably produce can pressurise often fragile local infrastructure. We may enjoy the teahouses lining the route, and read the area as well set up for tourism, without questioning where our human waste is being dumped, whether the wood our meal was cooked on is contributing to deforestation, or how our litter is discarded.
Our Everest Base Camp Holidays
Everest Base Camp and Gokyo lakes trek in Nepal
This high altitude trek explores the heart of Sherpa homeland
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£2419 to £2799
20 days
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Gokyo Everest trek in Nepal
Trek the Gokyo region in Northeast Nepal
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US $1375 to US $1475
18 days
ex flights
Trek to Everest base camp
Trek to the base of the world's highest mountain
From
£1740 to £1790
17 days
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Nepal trekking holiday, Annapurna and Everest
Trek Nepal's famous Everest and Annapurna Trails in 2 weeks
From
£1990 to £2050
15 days
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Everest hiking holiday
Popular introduction to trekking around Everest
From
£1590 to £1640
14 days
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Private trek to Everest base camp and Gokyo Lakes
Trek to Everest Base Camp via Gokyo Lakes
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£1299
18 days
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Trekking with Sherpas in the Everest region
Bespoke Trek in the foothills of the mightiest mountains.
From
£888
11 days
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Everest Base Camp trekking holiday
A classic, once in a lifetime Everest Base Camp lodge trek
From
£1329 to £1399
16 days
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Everest Base Camp treks
An ultimate bucket list trip to the World's tallest mountain
From
US $2490
19 days
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Trek to Everest Base Camp, Nepal
Trek up to see the highest mountain on Earth
From
£1194 to £1214
19 days
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12 day Everest Base Camp treking holiday
The base of the world's tallest peak.
From
US $1560 to US $2020
12 days
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Everest Base Camp luxury trek in Nepal
Luxury lodge trek up to see the highest mountain on Earth
From
£1994
19 days
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Everest Base Camp trek, Nepal
For anyone who has dreamed of seeing Mt Everest
From
£1007 to £1260
15 days
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Everest Base Camp small group tour
The base of the world's tallest peak
From
US $1700 to US $1725
15 days
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Everest base camp trek
Trek amid stunning views of the Himalayas
From
US $1375 to US $1475
18 days
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Everest Base Camp trekking holiday, Nepal
Spectacular mountain scenery and sherpa villages
From
US $1390
16 days
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Mount Everest Base Camp trek
Watch our Mount Everest Base Camp video! You won't regret it
From
£1250
14 days
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Everest trekking holiday, Everest Circuit
3 week trek of Gokyo Lake & Everest Base Camp
From
£2050 to £2110
21 days
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Everest base camp trek
The classic route through the Sherpa heartland to Base Camp
From
£2349 to £2799
17 days
inc UK flights
PEOPLE & CULTURE
Porters rights
Most guided treks to Everest Base Camp employ a team of porters to carry bags. For the lucky trekker, that means simply carrying a daypack up the trail, but what does it mean for the porter? It’s tempting to think of porters or guides as heroic individuals who can trek to Base Camp carrying two packs, wearing only flip-flops and an old jumper. Whilst many porters and guides do indeed have incredible strength and stamina, most Nepalese porters are poor farmers from lowland areas, unused to high altitudes and harsh mountain conditions.Undoubtedly, the income from your trek provides a vital wage for porters and their extended families, but porters can also be taken advantage of and poorly treated. They suffer four times as many accidents as trekkers, and reports of porters being forced to carry more than the recommended maximum load of 25kg are not uncommon. Porters have even been abandoned by tour groups when they fall ill, or left behind in life-threatening blizzards while trekkers were rescued by helicopter. This is unacceptable. It’s easy to forget how fortunate many of us are, with sick pay and incapacity benefit to fall back on; if an overloaded porter in Nepal strains his back or gets frostbite he cannot work – and his family cannot eat.
What you can do
All tourists have a responsibility to make absolutely sure that the porters and guides accompanying them on their trek are being fairly treated. Ask your tour company if they have policies on porters’ rights and working conditions, ensure that your porters have proper clothing and footwear and consider the amount of weight they are carrying. In Nepal, responsible tour companies impose a maximum weight limit for porters of 25kg, including their own luggage. Check that this 25kg weight limit is being enforced.
Ask about insurance and the provisions for porters should they fall ill, ensure that sleeping arrangements are comfortable and fair, and always make sure that your porters and guides are paid fairly. Enquire about all this BEFORE you set off to avoid uncomfortable conversations at the end of your trek.
Read these useful five guidelines on porter safety that the International Porter Protection Group recommends, too, so you're familiar with all the issues facing porters in Nepal.
If you see or experience something that you feel uncomfortable about then flag this up with your tour company, email us at Responsible Travel, and shout about it on social media. You might also like to report any incidents of neglect or abuse to the International Porter Protection Group, noting the date, place, time and group trekking, with information about what happened, too.
You can make a donation to Porters’ Progress UK, a charity set up to help facilitate the safe treatment, education and empowerment of porters and their communities. You can also sell unwanted climbing kit once back home via the Ebay page to raise funds for the charity.
Sherpa's safety on Everest
In addition to the porters that serve the route to Base Camp, many Sherpa people form the region work on the expeditions that attempt to summit Everest. Known for their strength and kindness, the Sherpa people have lived on the rugged south shoulders of Everest for centuries, after crossing the Himalayas from Tibet ('Sherpa' means 'Easterner' in Tibetan). An ancient legend said that the first man to climb the world’s highest mountain would be a Sherpa and on May 29, 1953 that came true, when Tenzing Norgay stood with Sir Edmund Hillary at the top of the world.That achievement, though, paved the way for hundreds of climbing expeditions, always supported and made possible by teams of hardy, brave Sherpas. Although raised in its shadow, Sherpas are just as likely to fall foul of the mountain as anyone and from 1924 to June 2016, 114 Sherpas died on Everest, while the first casualties recorded on the mountain were the deaths of seven Sherpas during Britain’s first reconnaissance expedition in 1922. In 2014, 16 Sherpas died during an avalanche, working as so-called ‘ice doctors’ to make the Khumbu Icefall safe.
This is dangerous, difficult work. The Sherpas aren’t simply climbing the mountain alongside expedition teams; they are making those expeditions safe and possible by fixing lines, shuttling supplies and escorting paid clients to the summit. They are exposed to the worst dangers on the mountain—rockfalls, crevasses, frostbite, exhaustion and, due to the blood-thickening effects of altitude, clots and strokes, all of which can kill or cause lasting disabilities and health issues. Even the relatively safe Base Camp has proved treacherous; after the April 2015 earthquake, an avalanche ripped through the camp, and 10 of the 22 deaths were Sherpas.
A Sherpa working above Base Camp on Everest is more than three and a half times as likely to perish as an infantryman was during the first four years of the Iraq war. For someone making a once-in-a-lifetime attempt to reach the summit, the dangers of climbing can perhaps be rationalised; but as a workplace safety statistic, 1.2 percent mortality for Sherpas is a horrific figure. There’s no other service industry in the world that so frequently kills and maims its workers for the benefit of paying clients.
* Source: a research article by Grayson Schaffer for Outside magazine in 2013, entitled The Disposable Man.
What you can do
Even those of us who will never attempt to summit Mount Everest can support the region’s Sherpa communities while in Nepal by spending time in Namche Bazaar, the seat of Sherpa culture. Shop and eat here, visit the Sherpa museum and simply take time to chat with local people and guides, to find out more about the sacrifice Sherpas have made, and continue to make, in servicing climbing parties. You might also like to donate to the Himalayan Trust UK, a sister organisation to Sir Edmund Hillary’s original Himalayan Trust NZ. Since Hillary summitted Everest, this organisation has supported the Solukhumbu region, building hospitals, health clinics and over 300 schools, planting over two million trees, building bridges and repairing Buddhist monasteries.
Everest overcrowding
Many people from around the world want to climb Everest and, by and large, the Nepalese government is keen for this to happen, not least because climbing groups supply useful revenue (this industry brings more than US $3million into Nepal each year from permit fees alone). However, the increasing numbers of climbers allowed onto Everest each year is a source of regular controversy. Many experienced climbers complain that the mountain is overcrowded, with the limited windows for a peak bid leading to bottlenecks at certain points with climbers literally queuing up to ascend. As every moment spent in the so-called “death zone” above 8,000m increases the chance of serious sickness, hypothermia and – yes – death, queues up here are more than just an inconvenience.
In 2014, the Nepalese authorities slashed the cost of climbing for individuals, to reduce the financial barrier to climbing, and they also abolished discounted fees for groups of climbers, in a bid to reduce tension and climber traffic jams on the mountain during peak months. Not everyone was reassured by these changes, since they opened up the possibility of individuals going up without being part of a big team, with all the safety and backup that includes. In addition, reduced solo fees could open the mountain to individuals who lack the proper experience.
Increasing competition among guiding companies, including some with less experience, also threatens safety on the mountain, with some teams hiring novice guides who lack experience in dealing with emergency situations. It means the dangers of climbing Mount Everest are not simply related to the extreme physical challenge, weather and altitude, but to the sheer quantities of mountaineers up there.
WILDLIFE & ENVIRONMENT
Post earthquake
The huge earthquake that shook the heart of the Himalayas on the 25th April 2015 claimed almost 9,000 lives and triggered an avalanche that ripped through Everest Base Camp, killing 22 people. Most of the damage to villages and property, though, occurred in the Gorkha district and Kathmandu, with only trekking routes in the Langtang Valley and Manaslu badly affected. Despite the avalanche, the trek to Everest Base Camp was open and ready for trekkers for the autumn season of 2015. Building projects are still underway to repair the damage in the worst affected regions, but by simply visiting Nepal you’re adding tourist revenue to the country at a time when it still very much needs it.
Human waste & litter
Humans produce waste, and not just of the dropped crisp packet variety. The more than 700 climbers and guides who spend nearly two months on Everest's slopes each climbing season leave huge quantities of faeces and urine, a problem that is causing pollution and threatening to spread disease around the world's highest peak. A hole in the snow stands in for any proper toilet facilities once climbers head beyond Base Camp, and around the four camps positioned on the ascent, waste has been piling up for years, with the high altitude and freezing temperatures preventing decomposition.At Base Camp, porters, cooks and support staff gather during climbing season and, combined with climbers and trekkers, produce around 5,500kg of waste a year*. There are toilet tents set up here, with drums to store the waste, which are carried to a lower area and emptied once full. Sadly, though, some of this waste ends up in the waterways that nearby villages rely upon, causing local people to become ill from water contaminated by dumped human waste.
So far, the Nepalese government has not come up with a plan for tackling this unpleasant issue.
Waste disposal is also a challenging problem on the route up to Base Camp, because of the remote terrain and inadequate infrastructure of this area. Teahouse owners sometimes use septic tanks that can leak, polluting the water, and may also dispose of solid waste in huge, open-air landfill pits.
Proper rubbish disposal is another challenge facing Sagarmatha National Park and Everest itself. On the mountain, litter is a huge issue. Discarded oxygen cylinders, tents, plastics and climbing kit, and even dead bodies, which don't decompose because of the altitude, litter the mountain's sides. In 2014, the Nepalese government imposed new rules which require each climber to bring down 8kg of rubbish to Base Camp after attempting the summit; this is the amount it estimates that a single climber discards along the route. Climbing teams lose their deposit of $4,000 if they don't comply.
Around and below Base Camp, the Sagarmatha National Park Pollution Control Community, an NGO based in Namche Bazaar, is doing valuable work with local people, educating them about rubbish and correct disposal and organising litter clearance. The National Park has also banned things like glass bottles of beer.
* Source: US geographer Alton Byers quoted in Vice News.
What you can do
Disposing of litter responsibly is something anyone visiting Everest Base Camp should do. Any waste you produce should be stored and taken back to Kathmandu, where it can be disposed of safely. If you leave it up in the Himalaya, the locals will bury it or burn it, neither of which is good for the environment. If you have space in your backpack, pick up any extra litter you spot on the trail as you descend, especially harmful waste such as batteries. Try not to accept plastic bags from shops, reuse the ones you have, and buy food from markets to avoid packaging when possible. Don't buy bottled water; instead, bring your own bottle and invest in a LifeStraw or purification tablets and use them to safely treat the water supplied at teahouses.
EVEREST RESPONSIBLE TOURISM TIPS
More about Everest Base Camp
The best time to visit Everest Base Camp is outside the rainy season in June, July and August, when trails are muddy and the peaks obscured by cloud.
Although the snow-capped summit of the world’s highest mountain is an aim for some, getting to Everest Base Camp is a much more achievable ambition for others.
Our Everest Base Camp map and highlights page is essential reading for all wannabe explorers.
Never trekked before or new to the Everest region? Find out what the hike up to Everest Base Camp entails, and what life’s like at the camp, so you’re well prepared both physically and mentally.
Climbing to the top of the world’s highest mountain is something only a handful of individuals have ever achieved, but our summiting Everest page explains how it’s done.
Trekking to Everest Base Camp is not going to be a walk in the park, but it's not a technical climb and if you're fit enough, mentally and physically, you're more than likely to be up to the challenge.
Our Everest Base Camp travel advice has essential health and safety tips, as well as sound advice from our friends in Nepal, providing responsible travellers with the very best insights and recommendations on everything from trekking considerately to combating altitude sickness.
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